11/19/2023 0 Comments 2d 4d ratio left right![]() In this framework, a low 2D:4D ratio can be considered to indicate high fetal testosterone and low estrogen levels, while a high 2D:4D ratio suggest higher fetal estrogen and lower testosterone levels (16). These sexual differences in finger lengths are thought to be caused by different effects of sex steroids on the growth of the finger bones. Correlations have been found between index finger length and estrogen levels in women and between ring finger length and testosterone level in men (15). This ratio, which remains relatively stable during adulthood, is considered as a marker for the intrauterine level of sex hormones (12-14). As an approximate biological indicator for prenatal androgen, a simple measure is the evaluation of the 2D:4D ratio in the hand.ĭetermined in the 13th gestation week, the ratio between the lengths of the index finger (2D) and the ring finger (4D), expressed as 2D:4D, is a sexually dimorphic anatomical characteristic (11). While it is still controversial, it is assumed that imbalanced exposure to sex steroids could be related to numerous diseases in adulthood, including certain cancers, fertility, heart diseases, and schizophrenia (7-10). Gonadal androgens, especially testosterone, affect the migration of nervous cells, synaptogenesis, and the organization of dendritification (6). Gonadal sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen play a significant role in brain development (5). A role of prenatal differences in gonadal hormones in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has been proposed (4). Sex hormones might be highly relevant for an understanding of individual differences in schizophrenia from a molecular perspective. The pathophysiological mechanism of the disease has been shown to consist in an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and a relation with an impairment of the central nervous system in the fetal period has been suggested (2,3). While the neurodevelopmental nature of schizophrenia is known, its etiology is not fully understood. Accordingly, studies seeking a better understanding of schizophrenia represent an important effort. Schizophrenia constitutes a serious burden for the patient and significant expenses for society (1). The correlation between finger lengths and the SAPS and SANS scores by gender showed a negative correlation of the left and right 2D:4D ratio with the SANS scores in female patients, while the SANS scores were found to be positively correlated with the right 2D:4D ratio in men.Ĭonclusion: The findings of our study support the view that the right 2D:4D ratio may be an indicator for schizophrenia. Results: While the left 2D:4D ratio of the patients with schizophrenia was not different from the controls’, the right 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower. ![]() The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were used to evaluate the symptoms of schizophrenia. Finger lengths were measured from the proximal finger crease to the tip using a digital vernier caliper with a precision of 0.01 mm. Method: Seventy-six patients with schizophrenia and 67 healthy controls were included in the study. In this study, we aimed to compare the 2D:4D ratio of schizophrenia patients to healthy controls and to investigate the relationship with positive and negative symptoms. An easy way to evaluate a biomarker that gives insight about prenatal androgen is the second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) of the hand. Differences in prenatal gonadal hormones have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The etiology of schizophrenia, which is known to be a neurodevelopmental disorder, has not been fully elucidated. Objective: Schizophrenia is a significant burden for the patient and causes great costs for society.
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